International Recognition Research Articles

Institutional Regulation of the CIS Observer Mission in Election Campaigns and Coverage of Its Activities in the Media

This study is aimed at studying the institutional, organizational and legal problems of interaction between the media and international observers during elections and referendums in the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The issue of countering foreign interference in the electoral process was not considered in the work.Aim. Eliminate methodological problems in defining the content of the term “international observation”, and proving the need to institutionalize the process of covering the activities of international observers in the media.Tasks. Identify the necessary areas of media activity when covering the activities of international observers during elections and referendums.Methods. The state of the modern election monitoring environment indicates the existence of a fine line between the need to ensure openness of electoral processes and the inadmissibility of interference in the internal affairs of states. It is necessary to identify restrictive thresholds for the activities of the media when covering the processes of international observation of elections and referendums and their institutionalization in relevant advisory documents based on the presumed impartiality of both international observers and the media.Results. The study showed that the most important task of the process of legitimizing the electoral process is to ensure its full coverage of the activities of all its subjects in the media. International monitoring media coverage should cover a wide range of issues throughout the entire electoral process from start to finish, including; activities of observers during the official election campaign before the start of voting; on election day and during the vote counting process; in the period after the elections from the moment the official results are announced until the formation of new authorities. At the same time, at all stages, coverage should cover a wide range of issues of the essence of the electoral process and its management; legal regulation of elections and referendums and existing institutional structures to support the process.Conclusions. Media coverage of the activities of international observers should be considered not only as one of the most important modes of political communication, but also as a means of countering selective absenteeism. Objective and impartial coverage of the activities of international observers in the media can undoubtedly contribute to both the internal political mobilization of the population and the international recognition of the state.

The future of Afghanistan under Taliban-led regime: challenges and likely scenarios

Since the takeover of the Afghan Taliban, there has been a lack of cohesion on the internal and external front and critical issues, including international recognition, the question of ethnicity, inclusive government, human rights, internal and external security, economy, and regional implication of the security and insecurity. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the likely challenges for the Taliban government in Afghanistan. Being the centre stage of the regional security complex and the diverse ethnic composition, Afghanistan remains an active ground for various fundamental ideologies. The Tehreek Taliban Pakistan (TTP) elements are freely roaming in Afghanistan, along with the news that the Islamic State of Khorasan (ISK) has regrouped itself in various parts of Afghanistan. The questions of terrorist groups are a major concern for the world and the neighbouring states of Afghanistan. Political legitimacy and international recognition are significant challenges for the Taliban regime. Similarly, economic problems and human rights violations are also critical challenges for the Taliban regime. Maintaining good relations with neighbouring states is crucial in ending the diplomatic isolation of the Taliban regime. All these are essential questions for the Taliban regime and the world, and this study has attempted to investigate and analyse possible solutions.

Under-utilisation of the World Heritage Cultural Landscape category? A timely question

ABSTRACT UNESCO’s Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972) (Convention) provides the highest level of international recognition for outstanding universal heritage places. While the Convention has been instrumental in aiding heritage preservation, arguably it has also reinforced a problematic ‘culture’ and ‘nature’ division in protected area management. This is not a new observation. One solution that attempted to address this issue was the introduction of the World Heritage (WH) ‘Cultural Landscape’ category in 1992. Yet, as of 2023, there are only 127 Cultural Landscape properties of the total 1157 properties on the WH List (10.9%). Poor recognition of the category appears particularly acute in some regions, such as Australia-Oceania, and in this paper, we consider this apparent under-utilisation with a systematic review of the literature about the category. Our analysis reveals significant and concerning regional variations in both use of the cultural landscape category and in research about it. In our current era, when better recognition of First Nation heritage is demanded, and when greater protection of heritage assets is required, further uptake of the Cultural Landscape category has the potential to redress these pressing societal concerns.

Recognition, Ma Non Troppo: how FIFA dribbled the Spanish football schism during the Civil war

ABSTRACT One of the facets of the Spanish Civil War’s sportive dimensions which has received relatively ample attention by scholars is the attitude of FIFA in the battle between de republican and the Francoists football federations for international recognition. The dominant interpretation of the facts is that the Francoists had already won this battle in late November 1937, when FIFA allegedly recognized it, and that this was somehow due to FIFA’s elite conservatism or even Nazi-fascist leanings. We contend that this was not the case. On the basis of a broad examination of Spanish, French and Belgian newspapers of the time, and a thorough search of FIFA archives in Zurich, we conclude that, although ambiguously, a FIFA dominated by a liberal elite remained true to its ‘no politics’ principle, avoiding to take sides, and actually suspending both sides until the end of the war, although tolerating unofficial international activity of both.

Does recognition matter? Exploring patron penetration of de-facto state structures

ABSTRACT De facto states seek international recognition. But do patron states that extend such recognition to their de-facto state clients treat them differently than they would have done otherwise? Will patrons, having extended official recognition, be more inclined to treat their clients as ‘regular’ states? Or does recognition only make the client more beholden to the patron? To investigate this, we explore whether granting recognition affects the degree of patron-state penetration of two sectors critical to the de facto state for retaining (internal) sovereignty and agency: the executive branch, and the military.

ACM’s transition to an English journal: A leap towards international recognition

The Annals of Clinical Microbiology (Ann Clin Microbiol, ACM) serves as the official journal of the Korean Society of Clinical Microbiology. It is dedicated to publishing research articles encompassing all facets of clinical microbiology, intending to disseminate research findings pertinent to scholarly endeavors within the realm of clinical microbiology for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infections in humans. Clinical microbiology stands as a pivotal discipline for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases in modern society. The publication of articles within the domain of clinical microbiology assumes a significant role in the dissemination and progression of advanced medical technology and knowledge. It provides a platform for various issues such as the discovery and treatment of new infectious diseases and the problem of antibiotic resistance. In Korea, this journal stands as the sole academic publication primarily dedicated to clinical microbiology, garnering substantial recognition for its academic contributions in this arena.

COOPERATION MECHANISM AND CHINESE-FOREIGN COOPERATION IN RUNNING SCHOOLS IN CHINA: RESOURCE SHARING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

Chinese-foreign cooperative education is an important form of foreign cooperation in Chinese education, which provides an effective way to promote the internationalization of Chinese higher education, improve the quality of education, and promote international exchanges and cooperation. With the rapid development of China's society and economy, Chinese-foreign cooperative education is gradually showing new opportunities and challenges in the field of higher education. Effectively introducing foreign advanced educational resources and management experience, making up for some shortcomings of domestic higher education, improving the quality of education as well as enhancing students' cross-cultural communication ability, and improving their own competitiveness are the opportunities for the rapid development of Chinese-foreign cooperative education; and the challenge is that Chinese-foreign cooperative education is not only the cooperation between schools, but also the exchange and integration of culture, technology, talents, and other fields. Therefore, the establishment and improvement of the collaboration mechanism becomes particularly important. In this study, a quantitative research method was used to distribute questionnaires to faculty and staff of Chinese higher education institutions with a background of Chinese-foreign collaborative schooling, and their teaching experiences and views were pooled. Data processing and model validation were conducted through data analysis software such as SPSS and AMOS to derive the impact of resource sharing and quality assurance on the effectiveness of Chinese-foreign cooperation and student learning outcomes in a collaborative mechanism. It was found that in Chinese-foreign collaborative education, resource sharing not only optimizes the teaching environment and improves the education level, but also promotes cultural exchange and academic cooperation. Quality assurance, on the other hand, is a key factor in guaranteeing the sound development of Chinese-foreign cooperative programs, and only by ensuring the quality of education can more international recognition and support be achieved. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of collaboration mechanisms in Chinese-foreign cooperative education, providing strong theoretical support and practical guidance for the future development of Chinese-foreign cooperative education. It also provides ideas and methods that can be drawn on for future research in related fields and injects momentum for sustainable development to establish a more flexible and efficient collaboration mechanism, strengthen international exchanges, promote intercultural understanding and integration, and realize a win-win situation for Chinese-foreign cooperative education.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0758/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Mind your language! Lessons from the application of an English published version of a Japanese horse personality instrument to a French population

Replicability is a fundamental tenet of the scientific method and scientific reporting, but there is a preponderance to publish scientific research in English to increase international recognition, regardless of the country of origin of the research. Questionnaires are widely used to assess personality in animals. These psychometric instruments are mainly published in English but can be used all over the world in other languages. However, without safeguards relating to the translation process, the replicability of the quality of the instrument may change from its originally reported value. This study focuses on the particular issue of cross-cultural reliability of psychometric instruments used for assessing animals that have been translated from their original context. We examined the replicability of the structure of a personality scale originally used in Japanese (but reported in the English literature) on an English population (n=100), and then the reliability of the structure of a French translation of the English version with additional translational safeguards (e.g. back-translation and sense checking) on a French population (n = 159 horses). Horses were rated by 3 evaluators to also allow calculation of inter-rater reliability. We found that there was greater reliability and similarity of structure between the adapted English translation and French version of the Japanese scale, than with the originally published structure of the instrument used in Japan. These results highlight the importance of never assuming the reliability and thus validity of semantic instruments used to assess animal behaviour which have been published in a different language to that in which they were originally developed.

(Non)recognition of legal identity in aspirant states: evidence from Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria

ABSTRACT Even though an individual’s right to legal identity has been internationally codified, in certain instances, the legal identity and associated documents may lack widespread international recognition. This is the case in aspirant (de facto) states such as Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria. This paper argues that certain legal identities become liminal due to the nonrecognition of the conferring authority, and/or the associated legal identity documents. The recognition of legal identity documents can change based on where a person is located (territorial jurisdiction), the administrative authority issuing the documents, and the authority assessing the legitimacy of the conferred legal identity documents.

PERANCANGAN PALANG MERAH INDONESIA KOTA MUARA TEWEH

The Indonesian Red Cross, which is often known by the abbreviation PMI, is a national association organization located in Indonesia and engaged in the humanitarian field. The activity that was first carried out by PMI was to help victims of the Indonesian Revolutionary War of Independence and return victims of Allied and Japanese prisoners of war so that the Indonesian Red Cross has gained international recognition. The purpose of the design this time is "How to design the Muara Teweh Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) building which is able to fulfill the activities of the volunteers and their working staff by providing assistance and blood services to the people in the city of Muara Teweh which are appropriate and make rooms with adequate facilities?”. By using the concept of "Local Wisdom" by prioritizing the function of building the PMI building and using the Symbolism Method in the design.

China’s peacekeeping activities within the UN: Features, challenges, and prospects

In recent years, China has been vigorously strengthening its international authority, consistently building its image as a responsible great power. One of the vivid manifestations of these efforts has been China’s active involvement in peacekeeping activities under the auspices of the United Nations. Currently, among the permanent members of the UN Security Council, China is the largest supplier of contingents for UN peacekeeping operations and the second largest donor of financing for these operations. At the same time, the PRC’s peacekeeping policy faces a number of endogenous and exogenous risks and challenges that remain somewhat understudied. The first section of the paper examines the key stages in the development of the PRC’s approaches to peacekeeping. It is shown that while all other members of the UN Security Council are gradually reducing the number of contingents and cutting funding to UN peacekeeping activities, China, on the contrary, is consistently increasing its of support for UN peacekeeping operations. The second section identifies current trends and prospects for the development of China’s peacekeeping activities. The author emphasizes that China is not only actively engaging into the existing UN peace-keeping mechanisms and initiatives, but also offers its own original conceptual approaches to address the challenges related to peacemaking and peacebuilding. The concept of ‘developmental peace’ proposed by Chinese researchers is of particular interest in this context. At the same time, as shown in the third section, this activity of the PRC faces a number of problems and challenges. The author notes that China’s objective contribution to peacekeeping activities and international recognition of its efforts are actually very asymmetrical. To this should be added the active efforts of Western countries aimed at discrediting the peacekeeping activities of the PRC, manifested in pushing of narratives about the exceptional selfishness of Chinese initiatives and China’s desire to achieve unilateral advantages in the ‘Taiwan issue’ by exploiting peacekeeping agenda. Assessing the prospects for the development of the PRC’s peacekeeping activities in these conditions, the author emphasizes the need to deepen cooperation with various regional organizations; increase the use of public diplomacy tools and improve the legislative framework for peacekeeping in China itself.

ROLE OF INDIAN BANKING SECTOR TO BOOST MUSIC AND PERFORMANCE ARTS INDUSTRY IN INDIA

This research paper investigates the pivotal role of the Indian banking sector in catalyzing the growth and development of the music and performance arts industry in India. Through a quantitative methodology, this study examines the perceptions of managers within these creative domains regarding the banking sector's contributions and the challenges encountered in securing adequate financial support. Findings reveal a significant recognition of the banking sector's role in enhancing financial viability, international recognition, and innovation within the creative industries. Simultaneously, it identifies challenges related to the complexity of financial procedures, limited accessibility to diverse resources, and uncertainties in funding continuity. These findings underscore the imperative for tailored financial solutions and increased collaboration between banking entities and the creative sectors for a more robust and sustainable ecosystem.

Articulating a Loss and Damage Fund: How the Global South is Rethinking Agency and Justice in an Age of Climate Disasters

ABSTRACT The Global South (or Low-Income Countries, LICs) long has been advocating for the establishment of a Loss and Damage (L&D) Fund to address vulnerability and limited adaptation capacity in response to disasters exacerbated by climate injustices, which finally gained international recognition of late. This essay focuses on two key moments that led to this landmark agreement: at COP19, when Philippines climate delegate Naderev “Yeb” Saño advocated for L&D in the wake of Typhoon Haiyan; and during COP27, when global leaders invoked the historic floods in Pakistan as the agreement was reached. We consider how these two disasters were invoked during the passing of L&D in ways that critically interrupted the prevailing spiral of silence to articulate “disasters” to “climate” and “climate” to “justice” in the global climate policy arena. These discourses reveal, then, part of the expanding imaginary emerging to address human agency and inequities in an age of the climate disasters, including the idea of a “global majority.”

International Recognition of Common Values of Humanity: China's International Communication

The common values of humanity are the shared values of human society and the value basis of building a community with a shared future for humanity. Enhancing international recognition of the common values of all humanity will help build consensus on the values of worldwide people and provide an ideological tool for reforming the global governance system in the new era. Through the concept logic analysis of international recognition of the common values of humanity, existing difficulties and era opportunities of international recognition of the shared values of humanity can be analyzed in reality, the ideological and the political elements structure, and building the path of the ascension of the shared values of humanity’s international recognition in the diversified subject, a platform of globalization, new media and the specific content.

Anthropological Perspectives on the Historical Development of Salar Folk Songs in Qinghai Province, China

Background and Aims: Salar folk songs, an integral part of the cultural heritage of Qinghai Province, China, are a testament to the remarkable diversity within Chinese culture. This research aims to investigate the historical development of Salar folk songs in Qinghai Province, China. Materials and Methods: Result: The research reveals that Salar folk songs have evolved, adapted, and continue to thrive, serving as a testament to the enduring mechanisms of cultural preservation. Recommendations include cultural preservation efforts, education, collaborative research, and international recognition, ensuring the continued vitality of Salar folk songs as a living legacy within the Chinese cultural mosaic. Results: The research reveals that Salar folk songs have evolved, adapted, and continue to thrive, serving as a testament to the enduring mechanisms of cultural preservation. Recommendations include cultural preservation efforts, education, collaborative research, and international recognition, ensuring the continued vitality of Salar folk songs as a living legacy within the Chinese cultural mosaic. Salar folk songs are vital for their cultural heritage, requiring preservation, documentation, and promotion. Collaborating with scholars, incorporating them into festivals, tourism initiatives, and educational curricula, and gaining international recognition can facilitate cross-cultural exchange and contribute to diverse Chinese culture. Conclusion: Safeguarding the rich tapestry of Salar folk songs demands concerted efforts in cultural preservation, documentation, and promotion. Embracing collaborative initiatives, integrating these melodies into various cultural platforms, and securing international recognition will not only ensure the vitality of this living legacy but also foster cross-cultural exchange, enriching the diverse tapestry of Chinese culture.

Московский концептуализм в монологе с авангардом

This article is the first to explore the relationship of Moscow conceptual artists with the creative and moral legacy of the Russian avant-garde of the 1910s-1920s. In the 1960s, the previous generation of Soviet non-official artists resonated with the avant-garde legacy upon getting acquainted with it and attempted to continue the tradition seen precisely as a formal experiment. Meanwhile, the Moscow conceptualist circle recognized Russian avantgarde as a conceptual source for the consequent ideologization of the entire reality and as a project of the violent transformation of life. And if social realism was a more obvious opponent for conceptualists, the forbidden art of the avant-garde became its own Other, alien in a very close and uncomfortable sense. The relations articulated in Moscow conceptualism over several decades were different and ambiguous; they developed and evolved as the legacy of the avant-garde became more familiar and as the socio-political and cultural context changed. In the 1970s, the conceptual art practice did not seek a ‘dialogue’ with the avant-garde, and the reflections of the older generation of Moscow conceptualists were marked with intention to dissociate themselves from the avant-garde and its aesthetic systems (the discussion of the political engagement of the avantgarde was pushed forward for later reflections, mainly into the 2010s). The 1980s brought liberalization into the study and exhibiting of the Russian avant-garde, and its admiration became a kind of duty that was taken ironically by the next generation of Moscow conceptual artists. To get international recognition, contemporary Russian art required to establish any affiliation (negative, if not positive) with the brand of the ‘Russian avant-garde’. The artistic practice of Ilya Kabakov has radically escalated the polemics with the avant-garde, which was subsequently projected onto the entire Moscow conceptualism. However, the exploration into the history of Moscow conceptualism as a response to the avant-garde project reveals heterogeneity of such a response, comprising individual halftones and historical dynamics.

Памяти Георгия Ивановича Ерошкина

In May of this year (May 22, 2024), the distinguished scientist, the candidate of physical and mathematical sciences (Ph.D.) Georgy Ivanovich Eroshkin would have turned 80 years old. Georgy Ivanovich was one of the leading experts in the field of classical and relativistic celestial mechanics. He was the leading researcher at the Central Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GAO RAS), in 2000-2010 years he was the deputy director of the GAO RAS and head of the Department of Celestial Mechanics at the GAO RAS. He obtained a number of fundamental results in the field of mathematical modeling of the motion of large bodies of the Solar System and the construction of high-precision methods of numerical integration. Georgy Ivanovich’s scientific results have received international recognition. He died five years ago.

A closer look at Cuba’s public health model that prioritizes population health

As the largest Caribbean island, Cuba is known for its picturesque Havana boardwalk, musical rhythms, and tropical climate. A closer look at the national public health model that integrates care for Cuban citizens, however, is fundamental to learn and adapt lessons learned and best practices to bridge knowledge-practice gaps within global health systems. In this visual essay, the author explores connections between photography and community health, illustrating an invaluable story about a primary care workforce, supported by the health system infrastructure, dedicated to achieve high-quality community health for citizens. She shares photographs coupled with narrative elements to showcase the population health model of Cuba, one Latin America and Caribbean country that has received international recognition for achieving universal health care to residents. She weaves words and images to portray her experiences of completing clinical rotations in tuberculosis prevention and control at the ‘Pedro Kourí’ Tropical Medicine Institute and surrounding public health institutions in the capital city of Havana.

Family Doctors Calling in Transcarpathian Region in the Wartime

After the russian invasion, 60,000 refugees from the eastern and southern parts of Ukraine, who had many problems with physical and mental health, arrived in Uzhgorod. A team of family doctors, residents and students with the support of volunteers and various medical, educational, charity and religious organizations started a volunteer project, which later grew into the “InterFamily” clinic. Starting as a charity center where internally displaced persons could receive free and high quality primary care and medicines purchased through donations from international partners, today it has become a licensed clinic that provides many different medical services (some of which are unique in our region), and as well as primary (i.e. psychological) and secondary care not only to refugees, but also to city residents. The “InterFamily” clinic is a training center for students and residents who gain hands-on skills and experience, and have the opportunity to become staff members as clinic assistants, providing greater autonomy and the opportunity to gain clinical and management skills. Thanks to the European-Ukrainian Support In Teaching (later EUSIT-Exchange) project, the European experts have been conducting practical lectures for Ukrainian doctors and nurses and students since the beginning of the war. The clinic’s innovative medical and educational experience is valuable not only for Ukrainian, but also for foreign specialists. The international recognition of the “InterFamily” clinic was confirmed by the WONCA Europe 5 Star Doctor Award to the director of the “InterFamily” clinic Pavlo Kolesnyk.

The Challenges of Human Security in the Horn of Africa: The Case of Somaliland.

Purpose: In the Horn of Africa the main challenges to human security in this region have originated from political and state fragility, resource scarcities, and environmental degradation. Human security is arrayed against escalating communal violence, small arms proliferation, and massive movements of people within and beyond the region. Since 1991 the people of Somaliland have successfully established a peaceful and relatively stable state and community. They have managed a process of reconciliation, demobilized the local militias, restored law and order, and held numerous rounds of peaceful elections. Peace, stability, national and state security were enhanced which allowed normal patterns of trade and other economic activities to resume. Therefore the main objective of this study is to analyze the contemporary situation of human security in Somaliland and to figure out the key challenges of human security that faced Somaliland since post 1991and its performance in subject matter. 
 Methodology: The study is exploratory as well as descriptive research designs. Where qualitative data were collected and used. For selection of respondents, non- probabilistic sampling techniques, particularly purposive sampling technique were applied.
 Findings: The study found that Somaliland had made relatively advancement for political, economic, health, personal and community securities post 1991. In addition, the study found that the environmental security challenges in Somaliland are many and complex in nature and Somaliland has chronically food insecure since 1991 due to lack of commitment of the government for realizing food security in the country, frequent natural and man-made disasters that erodes the livelihood base of the community. Also the study found that, Lack of international recognition, Terrorism activities in Somalia are major external challenges of human security in Somaliland. While a high unemployment rate, corruption, weak of governmental institutions and recurrent droughts are the dramatic internal challenges of the realization of human security in the country.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Moreover, the study recommends that the government of Somaliland is required to engage human security notions by employing effective strategies and policy directions, to realize wellbeing of the Somaliland society which would promote both human security and state security since these two concepts are interrelated. Also the study recommends to Somaliland government should Review, evaluate and develop agricultural policies, health policies, environmental policies, economic policies and the legislative and institutional framework on a regular basis for the purpose of promoting and ensuring human security in the country.